2. When markets fail

2.1 Aggregate markups of publicly traded firms

Source: Eeckhout, J. (2022). The Profit Paradox: How Thriving Firms Threaten the Future of Work. Princeton University Press.

2.2 Public spending on education (as share of GDP)

Source: OECD (2023), Public spending on education (indicator). doi: 10.1787/f99b45d0-en (Accessed on 31 January 2023)

2.3 Public and private spending on tertiary education

Source: OECD (2023), Spending on tertiary education (indicator). doi: 10.1787/a3523185-en (Accessed on 31 January 2023)